Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Understand the Causes, Symptoms, and Control Steps!

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production.

It is the most common form of diabetes and often occurs in adults, although it is increasingly found in children and adolescents.

Causes

1. Genetic Factors:
A family history of type 2 diabetes may increase one's risk.

2. Obesity:
Being overweight can impair insulin function, leading to insulin resistance.

3. Unhealthy Lifestyle:
Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and smoking contribute to the risk.

4. Age and Hormonal Factors:
Risk increases with age; conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome also increase the risk in women.

Symptoms

• Polyuria: Frequent urination.
• Polydipsia: Excessive thirst.
• Polyphagia: Increased appetite.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Fatigue and weakness.
• Wounds difficult to heal and frequent infections.
• Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision.
• Tingling or numbness of the extremities.

Diagnosis

• Fasting Blood Sugar Test: Measures sugar levels after an 8-hour fast.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Measures sugar levels two hours after drinking a glucose solution.
• HbA1c Test: Measures the average blood sugar level over the last three months.

Prevention

• Healthy Diet: Reduce sugar and saturated fat, increase fiber.
• Physical Activity: Doing regular exercise.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight.
• Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol.
• Regular Check-ups: Monitor your health and blood sugar levels regularly.

Complications

• Nerve Damage (Neuropathy): Especially in the hands and feet.
• Kidney Damage (Nephropathy): Disrupts kidney function.
• Eye Problems: Such as diabetic retinopathy.
• Cardiovascular Problems: Increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Wound Healing and Infection: Slows down the healing process.

Conclusion Type 2 diabetes mellitus requires serious attention in management and prevention.

With proper lifestyle changes, appropriate medication, and regular monitoring, the risk of complications can be minimized.

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