Stage 0 Stage 0 breast cancer, also known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), is the early stage where cancer cells are detected within the milk ducts (ducts) but have not spread to the surrounding breast tissue.
Symptoms: There are no obvious physical symptoms. At this stage, the cancer is usually detected through mammography. Known as carcinoma in situ, the cancer cells are still in their original site.
Stage I Stage 1 breast cancer is indeed an early stage where the tumor is usually small and has limited chances of spreading.
- Tumor Size: The tumor is usually less than 2 cm (20 mm) in size.
- Spread: The tumor has not spread to the lymph nodes. This is a favorable condition as it allows for more effective treatment.
Stage 1B
- Tumor Size: The tumor may be undetectable or smaller than 2 cm.
- Spread: Cancer is detected in the lymph nodes, with cancer cells between 0.2 mm to 2 mm in size. The affected lymph nodes may be in the armpit area.
Stage II Stage 2 breast cancer shows more advanced development than stage 1, with larger tumor size and possible spread to the lymph nodes.
Stage 2A
- Tumor Size:
- The tumor is 20 mm or smaller, but has spread to one to three lymph nodes.
- Or a tumor between 20 mm and 50 mm in size that has not spread to the lymph nodes.
Spread: The cancer has not spread to other parts of the body, but there are indications of local spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Stage 2B
- Tumor Size: The tumor measures between 20 mm and 50 mm and has spread to one to three lymph nodes.
- Spread: Like stage 2A, this cancer has also not spread to more distant parts of the body.
Stage III Stage 3 breast cancer shows significant progression, with larger tumors and spread to multiple lymph nodes.
Stage 3A
Tumor Size: The tumor measures more than 50 mm and has spread to one to three lymph nodes, or a smaller tumor that has spread to four to nine lymph nodes.
Spread: The cancer has not spread to other parts of the body, but there are indications of wider spread to the lymph nodes.
Stage 3B
Symptoms and Spread: The tumor may cause changes to the skin of the breast, including swelling, or it may spread to the chest wall. The cancer may spread to four to nine lymph nodes, but still has not spread to other parts of the body.
Signs: Swelling or changes in the shape of the breast are often the visible symptoms.
Stage 3C
- Size and Spread: At this stage, the cancer has spread to 10 or more lymph nodes, including those below the collarbone. Tumors can vary in size, but spread to more lymph nodes indicates a more serious stage.
- Spread: The cancer is still localized and has not spread to other parts of the body.
- Symptoms: The cancer is larger than 5 cm and has spread to more distant lymph nodes. Symptoms may include a hard lump, changes in the shape or size of the breast, and there may be symptoms in the underarm area.
Stage IV Stage 4 breast cancer is the most advanced stage where the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body away from the breast.
Characteristics of Stage 4
- Metastasis: The cancer has spread to other organs such as the bones, lungs, liver, or brain.
- Symptoms: Symptoms may vary depending on the location of the metastasis and may include:
- Pain in the affected area (for example, bone pain if it has spread to the bones).
- Shortness of breath or coughing if it spreads to the lungs.
- Weight loss, fatigue, and loss of appetite.
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